Nexus Repository OSS 3安装配置使用

Nexus Repository OSS 3是一个开源的仓库管理系统,提供了更加丰富的功能,而且安装、配置、使用起来也更加简单方便。OSS 3版本主要支持的仓库(Repository)包括如下:

  • bower
  • docker
  • maven
  • npm
  • nuget
  • pypi
  • raw
  • rubygems
  • yum

其中,对于上述每种类型的Nexus仓库,都分别具有如下主要3种类型:
hosted:本地仓库,可以将我们内部使用的一些Maven项目,发布到该类型仓库,供内部开发人员使用。
proxy:代理仓库,用来代理远程公共仓库,比如Maven中央仓库。
group:仓库组,用来合并多个类型(hosted/proxy)的仓库。
这里,我们主要以支持Java编程的Maven项目依赖管理和构建进行实践,Nexus版本为nexus-3.7.0-04。

安装配置

下载Nexus Repository Manager软件包:

wget https://sonatype-download.global.ssl.fastly.net/nexus/3/nexus-3.7.0-04-unix.tar.gz
tar xvzf nexus-3.7.0-04-unix.tar.gz

解压缩后可以看到,生成nexus-3.7.0-04和sonatype-work两个目录:

[root@ali-bj01-tst-cluster-004 nexus]# ls
nexus-3.7.0-04  sonatype-work

是这两个目录在同一个目录下,例如我这里是在nexus目录下面。
可以在etc/nexus-default.properties配置文件中,修改对应的配置项,满足实际需要,这里我直接使用默认的,其它可以使用的配置可以参考官网说明。
如果使用自定义的JDK,可以增加如下配置:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_144/

启动Nexus Repository Manager,执行如下命令:

bin/nexus start

然后,可以通过Web页面登录浏览,链接如下所示:

http://172.16.117.65:8081

默认用户admin,默认密码为admin123,根据自己的需要修改密码,保证Nexus的安全。
Nexus Repository Manager也提供了方便的管理用户和权限的基础功能,可以登录到Web管理页面上进行管理配置,如下图所示:
Nexus-Repository-Manager

发布管理

我们需要将自己的Maven项目构建后,发布到Nexus中,供其它项目使用,所以需要进行相关配置,并且具有一定权限才能向Nexus仓库中发布。
首先,在settings.xml文件中进行配置,配置内容如下所示:

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    <localRepository>/Users/yanjun/.m2/repository</localRepository>
    <servers>
         <server>
           <id>maven-releases</id>
           <username>admin</username>
           <password>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</password>
        </server>
         <server>
           <id>maven-snapshots</id>
           <username>admin</username>
           <password>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</password>
        </server>
     </servers>
</settings>

然后,在待要发布到Nexus仓库的Maven项目的pom.xml文件中,增加发布管理配置,如下所示:

    <distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>maven-releases</id>
            <name>Nexus ReleaseRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
        </repository>
        <snapshotRepository>
            <id>maven-snapshots</id>
            <name>Nexus SnapshotRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
        </snapshotRepository>
    </distributionManagement>

需要保证,pom.xml中distributionManagement中的id与setting.xml中配置的server中的id必须相同,才能发布。
最后,执行如下命令发布到Nexus的Snapshots仓库:

cd /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer
mvn -s ~/settings.xml deploy

执行上述命令,发布到Nexus的Snapshots仓库的过程,如下所示:

➜  azkaban-app-deployer git:(master) ✗ mvn -s ~/settings.xml deploy
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building azkaban-app-deployer 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5:compile (default-compile) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-assembly-plugin:2.4.1:single (make-assembly) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Installing /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/pom.xml to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] Installing /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
Downloading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.jar
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.jar (36 kB at 3.7 kB/s)
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.pom
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.pom (3.8 kB at 416 B/s)
Downloading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xml
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (780 B at 85 B/s)
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xml
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xml (290 B at 31 B/s)
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1-jar-with-dependencies.jar
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1-jar-with-dependencies.jar (3.8 MB at 172 kB/s)
Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml
Uploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (1.0 kB at 110 B/s)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:13 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-01-02T15:01:05+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/274M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

可以登录到Nexus Repository Manager中,查看已经发布项目jar的Snapshots文件,示例如下图所示:
Release-Dependency-Management
需要说明的是,我们在Maven项目的pom.xml文件中 ,如果版本号中含有SNAPSHOT,则会自动发布到Snapshots仓库中,例如:

    <groupId>cn.xiweiai</groupId>
    <artifactId>azkaban-app-deployer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

如果将version的值改为不带SNAPSHOT后缀,则会发布到releases仓库中,根据实际需要进行选择。

使用仓库

安装配置好我们私有的Maven仓库,如果我们想使用我们内部发布到Nexus中的Maven依赖,可以直接配置Release Repository:

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>maven-releases</id>
            <name>Nexus ReleaseRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

也可以通过使用group类型的仓库,只需要在Maven项目的pom.xml文件中增加如下配置即可:

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-public/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

上述配置的该仓库是group类型的仓库组,它会将hosted和proxy类型的仓库合并起来,即:我们在pom.xml中配置依赖时,如果是我们内部的依赖,则会从hosted类型的仓库中去加载;如果是一些开源的依赖,则会通过proxy类型的仓库,代理转发到外部仓库中下载。如果有其它更多非group类型的仓库,也会从这些仓库中查找依赖资源。

参考链接

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